Land Trust to offer virtual discovery days

May 15, 2020

Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT) has announced it will be offering Land Trust Discovery Days and monthly “My Backyard” challenges online.

Their theme for May and June is birds and animals that fly. They are challenging people of all ages to go and explore their backyard or favourite outdoor place, being mindful of the province’s guidelines for COVID-19.

They urge people to send photos of birds or animals that fly to their Facebook page, May and June Challenges, post or email them to admin@haliburtonlandtrust.ca using ‘My Backyard’ in the subject line.

At the end of the challenges, the HHLT will announce winners.

The first Land Trust Discovery Days online program will be Bird Boxes with Thom Lambert. Lambert will be filmed installing a bird box. Along with the video, the Land Trust will post some bird box patterns in case people would like to build one themselves. “Watch for the video on our website later in May,” the Land Trust said on May 8.

They will also be offering Whip-Poor-Wills Land Trust Discovery Days online in late June or early July. Dave Bathe will film a wander at his farm as he listens for the distinctive call of the Whip-Poor-Will. If you would like to learn about these birds ahead of time, check out the videos section of the Land Trust’s website and you will find a video made at Bathe’s farm a few years ago.

The Land Trust acknowledged the support of TD Friends of the Environment for partially funding Land Trust Discovery Days.

“We look forward to seeing posts come in from around Haliburton County and from across Ontario. Ed Poropat has generously offered to assist in identifying critters for those wondering what they have discovered. Also, Sticks and Stones Productions has generously offered to film our bird box installation.”

Fleming puts health first with plans for the fall

Lisa Gervais

May 15, 2020

Fleming College has announced it will begin the fall semester using online and alternative delivery Sept. 8.

In a press release, it said the college’s Fleming Safe plan will ensure that students can complete the learning outcomes required in their programs while maintaining the highest possible safety standards in compliance with all government and public health directives.

“Our Fall semester will be delivered through alternate models as we prepare for multiple scenarios for our campuses and classrooms to create the utmost in safe learning environments,” said college president Maureen Adamson.

She added they’ll follow guidelines from public health and the province, and their delivery decisions will be focused on the health and safety of everyone in the community.

“The plan allows flexibility to react to the loosening of health and safety restrictions by being ready to begin face-to-face, applied learning responsibly and appropriately,” Adamson said. “We do not anticipate that all health and safety restrictions will be lifted all at once – we are ready to respond swiftly to advance student success effectively given the circumstances that will present themselves.”

She said Fleming will work with community partners to re-establish field placements, field trips, clinical placements and other applied learning opportunities aligned with health and safety directives.

At the outset of COVID-19, the college established task teams to develop a response to the pandemic. Teams assigned to academic programming and facilities protocols are now assembling detailed plans for the return to classes in September. Alongside planning for the return to class and access to campus facilities this fall, the college is also assessing how students will safely access residence, food services and athletics. Decisions addressing these broader college services and programs will be shared in the near future.

The Haliburton School of Art and Design does not have a residence or athletics program but does provide a food service.

“I want to thank our students for their patience,” Adamson said. “We are taking these steps to provide as much certainty as we can for students and their families at this point in time. In keeping with our guiding principle of ‘safety first’, we are dedicated to moving forward and mitigating any risk of recurrence. I also want to thank our Fleming employees for their incredible resilience and dedication to our students and our communities.”

The most unusual time of his working life

Lisa Gervais

May 15, 2020

Imagine being tasked with training hospital staff to stay safe while treating COVID-19 patients. Now, ponder doing this when knowledge of the virus is continually changing. Add anxiety for health care workers and patients, and you’ve got Dr. Steve Ferracutti’s job for the past couple of months.

While teaching and training staff isn’t new to him, it’s been intermittent, so the “intensity and frequency has certainly ramped up in response to the coronavirus pandemic, to be as prepared as we possibly could for something like this,” Dr. Ferracutti said in an interview.

He said knowledge about the disease has changed dramatically “and we still have a vast gap in our understanding of how the disease works and how we should be managing it.” For example, it is unclear whether people are developing immunity.

Understanding is improving, though, as Haliburton County and Canada learn from other jurisdictions, whether it’s Italy or New York. The general practitioner said when he started training staff there was “a pretty high level of anxiety at the get-go because almost everything about this was an unknown. There were concerns about their personal safety, and their families, their patients, and the community.”

However, health care practitioners had some advantages to, say, a store clerk, with more accessibility to information about personal protective equipment and what was appropriate at any given time.

“Once a plan starts to roll out, and be communicated to people, then even though they know there is still some risk, they know how to prepare for it. It helps reduce the level of anxiety,” Dr. Ferracutti said.

He added thankfully so far, “almost everywhere in Canada, including Haliburton County, has so far avoided the big wave of cases” and continue to learn from other people’s experiences.

He is personally still anxious as he feels “it is really difficult to know what is to come. When you look around the world, it’s really difficult to understand why one area has been hit hard, and another area not hit hard. Is it because preparations were better? A lot just seems like plain dumb luck.”

He is also conscious of humans balancing having to live and reducing the burden of disease, calling it a “mortality-freedom trade-off.”

He said he’s hearing messaging that Ontario is past the peak, and restrictions are loosening up, which might be true but “I don’t know that it’s true. There is almost no immunity in the community because very few people have had this thing.”

He said the bottom line for health professionals is to remain prepared “for the worst, hope for the best.”

As a GP, he said he is also worried that some people who should have come to hospital, but stayed away for fear of COVID-19, have done themselves a disservice, including people suffering from heart attacks and strokes. He encouraged people to seek out acute care.

“They don’t need to be terrified. Procedures do make it pretty safe for people to attend if they have a serious problem that needs attending.”

On a personal note, he said it had definitely been the most unusual time in his work life.

“The world has never seen anything like this. I’ve done some work here, and other places, regarding health systems and emergency systems, but this is so different. We’ve turned hospitals upside down and inside out to prepare for this.”

Dr. Ferracutti added it’s been complicated technically and emotionally but the local response “has really been great to see. People are coming together as a team and are prepared to learn and putting us in a much better position for treatment and care of critical patients when this is all done. So, that part is exciting.”

Pandemic notes – part two

Lisa Gervais

May 15, 2020

By Jack Brezina/contributing writer

With the gradual lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, it certainly is a treat to see some additional stores opening in our community. The hardware and lumber yards did their best to meet the requirements of people needing supplies and tools, with curb-side service. However, there is nothing sweeter than walking the aisles, ogling the gadgets and doodads that we covet, even though their exact use remains somewhat hazy. I believe it’s a guy thing.

I hope everyone who can, is making an effort to purchase take-out meals from area restaurants which are still closed to the walk-in trade. Tucking into a dinner at home reawakens the flavor experiences missed by not being able to dine out. But more importantly, the transaction helps to keep that eatery alive and functioning so it will still be there when we can walk through the doors and enjoy the ambiance and the meal once again.

And speaking of masks, I am really enjoying the different designs that people have come up with to personalize their face coverings. Patterned material, coloured cloth, painted-on smiles, they all help to brighten the experience for those looking at the covered faces. I am, however, a little confused by the fashion statements some people are making by the way they wear their protective coverings. There is not much protection offered if the mask is dangling from one ear. Unless you have a hole in your chin, a mask slung around that part of the face isn’t likely going to be of much value. Likewise, those who choose to tuck the mask just under their noses appear to be missing the point of the whole thing. Then there are those who go about face naked. I am aware there was some initial confusion about the value of wearing a face covering at all, which has likely led to the cavalier attitude of those who ignore the recommendation altogether. Consider this: the mask is much like a condom … it protects the people on both sides of the transaction.

For those still attending meetings on line, here is a Zoom or Skype, or whatever platform you use, tip of the week: Wise meeting organizers always build in a 15-minute buffer at the beginning of each meeting to allow for the resolution of technical glitches. It is during this time that you can watch colleagues, who haven’t un-muted their microphones, miming that they can’t hear anything even though the video is operational. The struggle to communicate often involves exaggerated mouthing of the words they would like the rest of us to interpret. When that fails, they resort to holding up scribbled signs. Others present themselves as a blank screen, even though their voices are booming through. Still others seem totally befuddled by the technology and never seem to show up at all. In many cases, the host phones to provide instructions while the rest watch as the lost souls emerge like butterflies, to greet the world like they knew all along how the system worked.

So, march onward you weary, masked pandemicites, at an appropriate distance from each other, of course. We’re all in this together and it is going to get better … and, oh yes, wash your hands

Greeting Canadians with apples and waves

Lisa Gervais

May 14, 2020

Lawrence and Maria Van Lieshout were only six years old when Hitler’s forces invaded their tiny Netherlands village of Beek en Donk during the Second World War.

“We were all in bed and all of a sudden we were wakened by soldiers and they kicked us out of our beds,” Maria recalled in a May 8 interview. “They took our beds, and we all had to go and sleep in the haystack for a few nights and that was so scary. I dreamt of that for years because it was so dramatic.”

Lawrence, who was Maria’s neighbour at the time, said he also remembers the date the infantry walked in.

“We were scared stiff. They came in the house and they pulled the milk cans out of the well, because that’s where you had the milk cans for cooling the milk in the water, and they found eggs in the chicken coop and they took everything. The soldiers had blisters on their feet, so they took the wooden shoes from my father.”

The Van Lieshouts would go on to marry and emigrate to Canada in 1958, settling in Haliburton County in the early 1970s. During the invasion, in the 1940s, Lawrence recalled his family often billeted Dutch, German, American and Canadian soldiers.

May 8 marked the 75th anniversary of Victory in Europe or VE Day.

Maria said there was ammunition in their yard, and as kids, not knowing any better, they would climb in and around it, as well as onto and into tanks. Much of the food they grew, or raised, went to feed the soldiers. But Maria said they never went hungry. There was oatmeal porridge, potatoes and carrots and her mother made soup. Occasionally, someone was able to butcher an animal without the Nazis knowing so they could have meat. Lawrence added there were Red Cross food rations of vitamins and oranges.

Maria recalled her mother feeding a lot of people in the war, not just soldiers and their family, but adopted war kids and the elderly in town.

“We would have to go to church early in the morning, and we would drop off a loaf of bread or some butter or some meat if we had butchered some.” They became experts at smuggling.

Scary and exciting

The two said school was intermittent. The Germans blew up the main bridge over the canal. There were curfews and they had to black out their farmhouses at night to prevent bombing. They had fall-out shelters, or bunkers. The soldiers often took their bicycles so they would try to hide them.

Lawrence remembers the bombing raids near the end of the war, the drone of planes overhead for two to three hours in the middle of the night on route to Germany and back. While it was scary, as kids, it was also exciting at times.

For example, Maria said, “we always socialized with the soldiers, gave them eggs, and my mother would say, ‘I don’t think the chickens laid much.’ We would get a chocolate bar. I would go to my friends next door and we would get a little square each.” Lawrence said he used to play the accordion for the soldiers, also earning chocolate.

He said people have to remember they lived in a time when there was no television or radio. It was a complete news blackout. The Germans would drop flyers with “misinformation”. He said they had no idea what was going on in the world outside of their village.

When it came to liberation, they knew something was up as thousands of paratroopers dropped from the sky. The fighting continued, however, until one day it stopped. Canadian soldiers rolled over the cobblestones in their tanks and trucks.

“It was overwhelming,” said Lawrence. “We had bushels of apples because we had an orchard. We threw apples in the trucks and the soldiers waved. And we waved back. We grew up disliking the Germans and the Canadians were buddies. It was beautiful.”

The Netherlands, like the majority of Europeans countries, struggled to rebuild after the war. Lawrence said many people felt there was nothing left for them, which is why so many emigrated to Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. The two six-year-olds, who grew up living next door to each other, and survived the German occupation during the Second World War, married in 1958 and boarded a boat for their new country.

“I guess we could have stayed at home,” Lawrence said, “but I figured the future was bleak and so we came here and we have enjoyed every bit of it.”

Nightingale lessons still relevant today

Lisa Gervais

May 14, 2020

Good for you – Dr. Diane Duff RN PhD Minden

In 2010, I travelled to Istanbul to attend a health conference. My wife wanted to sail on the Bosphorus, and visit the Topkapi Palace, the Blue Mosque, the Hagia Sophia Museum, and the Grand Bazaar.

I wanted to visit the Florence Nightingale Museum in the Selimye Barracks. Unfortunately, the museum is not easy to visit and our trip was too short to complete the formal requests. We stayed at a great little hotel in the heart of the Sultanahmet. We loved Istanbul and I vowed to return to visit the museum.

Fast forward 10 years to 2020. We decided to vacation in Turkey this Fall, stay with a former colleague who is teaching in Istanbul, and finally visit the museum.

The World Health Organization (WHO) designated 2020 the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife both in honour of the 200th anniversary of Florence Nightingale’s birth, but also in recognition of the enormous contribution nurses and midwives make day in and day out on lives across the globe. From sperm to worm, nurses and midwives are there. It seemed a perfect alignment.

This is not a whinge about my cancelled trip to Turkey due to COVID-19. Instead, I would like to tell you why I wanted to visit the museum. It is very small, there are not many artefacts, and it is difficult to arrange a visit. But for a nurse like myself, it is like your first visit to the Sistine Chapel. It is an opportunity to celebrate greatness.

Florence Nightingale came from a wealthy English family. Her parents did not want her to be a nurse. They wanted her to marry well. Nightingale persisted and finally studied nursing in Germany when she was in her late 20s. Smart and hardworking she became a hospital superintendent before accepting a leadership role in bringing nurses to the Crimean War to care for Turkish and Allied solders.

What she found in the army hospitals was that soldiers were dying of infections and other preventable illnesses due to contaminated water and food, unhygienic conditions, lack of clean equipment, linens, and sterile supplies. She and her team of nurses set about rectifying this with clean physical spaces, improved ventilation, physical distancing, ongoing clinical monitoring, disinfection of equipment and surfaces, and frequent hand-washing. Sound familiar?

Nightingale and her nurses reduced the mortality rate by almost 70 per cent in the first year they were there. Despite suffering ill health during and after the war, which left her largely bedridden for the next 50 years, Nightingale used the large sum of money she was awarded by the queen to build a hospital and set up a training school for nurses.

Nightingale Schools spread to dozens of countries around the world including Canada. In addition to hands on care, Nightingale taught nurses how to determine best practices through basic research, use of moral principles, and she encouraged interdisciplinary education. Nightingale was the first woman member of the Royal Statistical Society. She was invited to join due to her work as part of the First Royal Commission following the Crimean War using knowledge of statistics and epidemiology to transform military hospitals and care.

How ironic that COVID-19 has occurred in the Year of the Nurse and Midwife on the anniversary of Florence Nightingale’s 200th birthday. During my 45 years as a nurse, I have had the great good fortune to work with wonderful colleagues in Texas, Toronto, the Dominican Republic, Qatar, Australia, Nova Scotia, and even in my adopted hometown of Minden. I have never been prouder of nurses than I have been during this year. Nurses have stepped up to the plate with trepidation, courage, and detailed preparation for new best practices. The road ahead, as we all cope with COVID-19, will be long and uncertain, but we will all be better cared for in sickness and in health, in birth and in death, because of nurses and midwives.

Minden arena project back on track for July

Lisa Gervais

May 14, 2020

Builders have returned to work on the S.G. Nesbitt Memorial Arena renewal project.

McDonald Brothers Construction of Ottawa returned to the building site May 6 after a COVID-19- induced month-long hiatus. They had stopped work April 3.

Arena building task force member Diane Peacock said it was “great to see activity around there again.”

In a recent interview, Peacock said they are putting finishing touches on the project. She said that included drywall, some masonry, and painting and tiling that was being done when the site was closed down. As for the outside, she said pending work includes some exterior siding and roofing, landscaping, curbs, sidewalks and paving. She added that millwork and flooring will be started approximately four weeks after last week’s start-up.

The task force has six members from the public, including Brian Kernohan, Doug O’Dell, Jane Symons, Bill Obee, Gary Stoner and Peacock. Members from The Township of Minden Hills council include mayor Brent Devolin and councillor-at-large Ron Nesbitt. Staff members are CAO/ treasurer Lorrie Blanchard and supervisor, facilities and parks John Preston.

Devolin said “operationally, there’ll be some stricter parameters again. But given the nature of that project, most of the people can work and not be in proximity of two metres of each other. And in those few circumstances that some of the work might require that, there will be significant higher standards than before the shutdown.”

Devolin said it’s expected the project will be finished in July.

Asked about the fundraising committee he originally said could raise upwards of $1 million – but which is not in place – Devolin said, “that will come back and be a council conversation again.”

He said there are three to four elements in play, including the fact the township is in the middle of hiring a new CAO, clerk and director of community services. He said the fact the project is near completion, and the township will be able to spend an Ontario Trillium Foundation grant on interior add-ons, does not preclude the formation of a foundation.

He said a lot of community centres have foundations, or groups that support them on a perpetual basis, as facilities age and townships need to replace things, or add new technology or expand capabilities.

Addressing the somewhat controversial nature of the project, Peacock said like many municipal undertakings, “there will always be detractors for whatever reason.” However, she said “I feel that once we get the new complex completed and open, people will be amazed at the facility and all the features we have tried to include. “The people will see that not only is it a sporting complex but it can be used for so many other community activities. The multi-sport area has been constructed to be used not only for sports but also for other things. I can see artisan markets, community dinners, theatre, fundraisers and so many more ideas.”

We’re in this together

Lisa Gervais

May 14, 2020

Traditionally – as the Victoria Day long weekend looms – I use this space to welcome back our cottagers.

I usually write a feel-good piece about their importance to Haliburton County and its economy.

This year, as we all know, is different.

Some cottagers have been here for a couple of months, riding out COVID-19. Others have been coming intermittently. Some haven’t come at all. However, we can assume that some will make their first trip back this coming weekend. After all, Premier Doug Ford and this County’s mayors and warden have said it is ok for them to spend the weekend at the lake.

As those mayors and the warden pointed out in last week’s Highlander, there are no laws preventing cottagers from coming amid COVID-19. The province, under its emergency powers, does have the power of “regulating or prohibiting travel or movement to, from or within any specified area” but obviously hasn’t to date, and won’t in future barring some unforeseen horrendous spike in COVID-19 cases. Nor is the federal government likely to invoke something such as the War Measures Act.

So, cottagers are here, here and there, and coming. To date, we have seen our community really struggle with this. We have witnessed an unfortunate divide between so-called permanent and seasonal residents. We have all been witness to the letters to the editors and the social media back-and-forth on this issue. It’s been nothing short of ugly. That is regrettable.

So, as I sit to write this column, I know if I welcome back cottagers, there will be a backlash. Similarly, if I ask cottagers to stay away, there will be repercussions. Like the mayors, I could err on the side of caution – or politics – and say ‘come, but bring everything you need, stay put, don’t go within six feet of anyone who is not within your immediate family, don’t have a fire’.

Some in the community would urge me to call on the province to evoke its emergency orders and close the highways to cottagers. Others would have me say ‘let them come, let them put in their boats, let them mix and mingle and have a bonfire. What’s the harm?’

The truth is I am torn.

I have felt better about the pandemic situation the last couple of weeks as restrictions have eased. In my work, and for personal reasons, I have been out and about more in the past fortnight. I’m encouraged by the reports I am hearing from our health service providers. They aren’t being overwhelmed with cases. The best-case scenarios are playing out. I am encouraged to see our businesses being allowed to reopen, albeit with restrictions. I am trying to shop local. I’d like to see the cottagers be able to do that too.

However, one of my interviews for this week’s paper is a local GP. He said he’s not convinced that COVID-19 has peaked in the province. He is also concerned that we have developed little community immunity to the coronavirus because we have had so few cases. He is worried about a large influx of people and how the easing of restrictions will play out over the next two to four weeks.

Like all things with this pandemic, we simply don’t know. All we can ask is that all people, whether they live here all of the time, or just some of the time, follow public health protocols and government decision-making to the letter. This applies whether you live on a property in Haliburton County, a condominium in downtown Toronto, or are coming to a cabin on the lake in the woods. Because despite all of the rhetoric, I truly do believe that we are in this together.

Realtors feel they’ve turned the COVID corner

Lisa Gervais

May 14, 2020

Haliburton County realtors are feeling optimistic about the future despite the challenges COVID-19 has thrown at them so far this year.

“The last few weeks have really, really, woken up,” said Andrew Hodgson of Century 21 Granite Realty Group. “We’re busy right now.”

Andrea Strano of RE/MAX Professionals North added, “it’s definitely not business as usual, but just in the last couple of weeks, it’s been more of a normal pace for us, so that’s positive.”

The two said COVID-19 has brought change to their industry: both in terms of how they operate and trends going forward. With real estate being an essential service, they were never shut down. And, unlike the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), they have never been reliant on open houses, so that has been a plus. They have turned to more virtual marketing. They have also been able to visit properties under strenuous public health guidelines.

“Viewings are happening by all the social distancing measures,” Strano said.

So, while she’s looking forward to eventually going back into the office, Strano said she’s steadily working from home. She added that sellers are more comfortable putting properties on the market now that restrictions are easing and the weather is getting nicer. She said people are feeling reassured by COVID-19 protocols.

Hodgson said he reviewed real estate activity after SARS, and 9/11.

“There was quite a push out of Toronto after each of those episodes.”

Following COVID-19, he added, “we are going to have low interest rates like we’ve never had before, and there will be greater demand. We’re not worried about our community.”

For example, he said his agency has been approached by a client who traditionally travels, spending thousands of dollars a year. Now, he said that person has told him, “I’m looking to buy a place up here instead.”

He added he’s had several conversations with people in the GTA who have figured out they can work from home now and want to get out of the city.

Strano said her firm is seeing similar trends. With the pandemic as a catalyst, she said, “more and more clients are realizing they don’t want to be in a hectic city anymore. This has made people take a step back and re-evaluate where they are, their lives, and wanting to slow down a bit.”

She said as long as they have access to good internet, they are keen to come to Haliburton county, where they can enjoy space and tranquility, “and choose their own adventure, including their own work schedule and slowing the pace down a little bit.”

She said buyers want to come sooner, still work, but ease back, and accelerate retirement plans.

Hodgson said he is an optimist. After all, “in the old days, real estate didn’t start in Haliburton County until the long weekend of May.” He said if the industry gets going by June 1, they’ll have a good 2020.

Strano agreed, saying the majority of sales will happen between June and the fall, and the season may extend longer into winter this year.

“I feel very positive about things moving forward, as long as the community is being vigilant and listening to what the government is telling us to do.”

School board adapts to learning at home

May 12, 2020

Trillium Lakelands District School Board (TLDSB) is working through the hurdles of Learning@Home but its polling indicates most families are satisfied by its efforts so far.

Director of Education Larry Hope reported to the school board about the program April 28. Boards across the province have rolled out home learning with schools closed until at least May 31 by provincial order due to COVID-19.

Hope said in a board-wide survey of families with 3,200 respondents, 68 per cent expressed they were satisfied or very satisfied with online programs and tools. Meanwhile, 80 per cent of respondents expressed satisfaction with schools’ communication and 65 per cent expressed satisfaction with the quantity of schoolwork, Hope said.

“Particularly proud of our staff for the incredible work they’ve done to bring this to life,” Hope said. “Doesn’t mean we’re done; it just means we have some things to continue to build on and hopefully do even better on in the coming days and weeks.”

Hope said although they have received positive feedback, there are concerns. He said there is pushback on work quantity, with some families saying students are finishing too quickly and others struggling to get it done on time. Learning@Home includes reduced schoolwork hours, with Grades K-6 at five hours per week, Grades 7-8 at 10 hours per week, and Grades 9-12 at three hours per credit per week.

“We know there are students who will get the work and have it in 10-15 minutes and other students who require an hour or two,” Hope said. “We’ve asked our educators to be as mindful of that continuum as they possibly can be.”

Another point of issue is grading, Hope said. The province has mandated students’ grades cannot go below where they were March 13, when schools closed, though grades can still improve.

“We know that has caused some anxiety for some of our staff. It’s certainly caused some uncertainty in our communities,” Hope said. “The simple reality is when we’re given a directive like this, we accept the directive because it is our responsibility.”

Hope reported a common point of feedback is high stress and anxiety levels for students and their families. He said TLDSB has launched a series of video supports and is highlighting mental health supports in the area.

Bracebridge trustee Stephen Binstock asked about what guidance counsellors are doing and Hope responded they are reaching out to students.

“Our single greatest challenge is that’s not happening in person, and that is a problem, there’s no two ways about that. But they’re doing everything they can,” Hope said.

Haliburton trustee Gary Brohman expressed his appreciation for staff and sympathy for parents dealing with high workloads, particularly single parents.

“Let’s just be really careful on workload,” Brohman said. “Kids are going to school next September and they’ll catch up regardless. They’re the most resilient group of people in our society.”

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